Aviazione Legionaria
The Italian Expeditionary Airforce in Spain
Breda Ba.65
Dive Bomber
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The Breda Ba.65 was an Italian all-metal single-engine, low-wing monoplane used by Aviazione Legionaria during the Spanish Civil War and Regia Aeronautica in the first half of World War II. It was the only Italian ground-attack aircraft that saw active service in this role.
Breda Ba-65
Dive Bomber w. Lowered Undercarriage
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In combat, the Ba.65 demonstrated solid firepower and dive-bombing capability but revealed vulnerability to modern fighters, shaping Italian assessments of close air support tactics and aircraft survivability under contested air conditions and evolving aerial combat doctrine.
Caproni Ca.133
Transport Bomber
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The Caproni Ca.133 was a three-engined transport/bomber aircraft used by the Italian Regia Aeronautica from the Second Italo-Abyssinian War until World War II. Originally developed as a civilian airliner and successor to the Ca.101, the Ca.133 prototype first flew in December 1934.
Caproni Ca-310 'Libeccio'
Reconnaissance/ Light Bomber
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The Regia Aeronautica deployed the Caproni Ca.310 Libeccio to support Nationalist forces during the Spanish Civil War. Used primarily for reconnaissance and light bombing, the aircraft demonstrated disappointing performance. Mechanical issues, weak armament, and limited speed reduced its impact in combat.
Fiat Br.20M 'Cicogna'
Medium Bomber
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The Fiat BR.20 Cicogna was a twin-engine medium bomber that was developed and manufactured by Italian aircraft company Fiat. It holds the distinction of being the first all-metal Italian bomber to enter service; at the time, it was regarded as one of the most modern medium bombers in the world
Fiat Br-20M 'Cicogna'
Medium Bomber w. Lowered Undercarriage
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Seven BR.20M arrived in July 1938, and the type struck targets around Teruel and during the Ebro fighting, later adding photo-reconnaissance. Crews valued its sturdiness and bombing accuracy; at operational altitude it often avoided interception, shaping Italian lessons on medium-bomber tactics by day.
Fiat Cr.32 'Chirri'
Fighter
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The Fiat CR.32 was an Italian biplane fighter used in the Spanish Civil War and the Second World War. Designed by the aeronautical engineer Celestino Rosatelli, it was a compact, robust and highly manoeuvrable aircraft for its era, leading to it being a relatively popular fighter during the 1930s.
Fiat G.50 'Freccia'
Fighter
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Italy’s first all metal monoplane fighter with retractable undercarriage, the Freccia first flew in 1937 with a number being deployed to Spain in early 1938 for testing under combat conditions. Whilst never actually seeing combat their speed and manoeuvrability was good.
Fiat G.50 Freccia
Fighter Plane w. Lowered Undercarriage
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Fast and well-armed for its day, the G.50 offered better speed and climb than older biplanes, but its tight cockpit and handling quirks drew mixed reactions. Despite an absence of combat exposure, sorties informed Italian doctrine on escort, interception, and ground-attack coordination in Spain’s skies.
IMAM Ro.41
Fighter
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The IMAM Ro.41 was an Italian light biplane fighter aircraft, serving in the Regia Aeronautica in the 1930s-1940s, mainly as a trainer. It was a singular aircraft, being obsolescent as a fighter when it first appeared in 1934, but despite this it was used as such until 1940.
IMAM Ro-37bis 'Lince'
Reconnaissance
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The Meridionali Ro.37 Lince was a two-seater Italian reconnaissance biplane, a product of the Industrie Meccaniche Aeronautiche Meridionali company. It appeared in 1934 and had a composite structure of wood and metal.
Savoia-Marchetti Sm79 'Sparviero'
Medium Bomber
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The Aviazione Legionaria introduced the Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 to Spain at the end of 1936, basing 8° Stormo’s XXVII and XXVIII Gruppi in the Balearics as the “Falchi delle Baleari”. From Mallorca they bombed Catalonia and eastern cities, ports, railheads and airfields in support of Franco’s offensives.
Savoia-Marchetti Sm-79 Sparviero
Medium Bomber w. Lowered Undercarriage
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The fast trimotor proved effective as a day bomber, often flying unescorted, yet it faced interceptions by I-15s and I-16s and heavy flak. Italian crews refined formation defence, navigation and bombing techniques; only a handful were lost in combat despite extensive sorties throughout the war.
Savoia-Marchetti Sm.81 Pipistrello
Reconnaissance/ Light Bomber
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Used extensively during the Spanish Civil Wa, this trimotor bomber conducted bombing raids, transport, and reconnaissance missions. Though slow and vulnerable to fighters, its range, payload capacity, and versatility made it a key asset in Italian aerial operations over Spain.
