Artillery Pieces
All the artillery pieces that found their way to Spain
7.58cm Minenwerfer n.A
Deployed Trench Mortar
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Having its baptism of fire at the Battle of the Somme in 1916, they proved so effective that pretty soon so many were being supplied that it led to an identification of manpower shortage in the German army. Over 10,000 were still in service at the end of the war.
7.58cm Minenwerfer n.A
Limbered Trench Mortar
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After the end of WW1 the Minenwerfer was considered obsolete in favour of the British Stokes mortar solution. This move away from the mine thrower allowed the Republic to pick up around 300 examples with the Nationalists gaining around 80 from those willing to sell.
37mm m.1930
Anti Tank Gun
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The first iteration of the Soviet license made version of the German Pak 36 was the 37mm M.1930. There is some conjecture as to whether these were in the Soviet shipment to Spain or not although members of the British Anti Tank Company in XV International Brigade swear that they in fact only used these.
45mm m.1932
Anti Tank Gun
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Over the course of the SCW Stalin dispatched over 138 of the modernised 37mm M.1930 Anti Tank Gun. Now firing a 45mm shell and firing down a 44 calibre barrel, this was a killer from whom no vehicle on the field was safe. It could penetrate 61mm of armour at 100m and could still go through 32mm at 1,000m.
Rheinmetall 3.7cm Pak-36
Anti Tank Gun
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Sperle’s Condor Legion ground troops brought over 300 of these small anti-tank guns to Spain with them where they had their baptism of fire, encountering little trouble from any of the armoured vehicles on the Spanish fields of battle penetrating over 20mm of armour at a mile.
Bofors 40mm L/60
Deployed Anti Aircraft Gun
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There is still much conjecture as to if the Swedish Bofors 40mm anti aircraft cannon ever made it to Spain during the conflict but for the fact that at the National War Booty exhibition in the Grand Kursaal in San Sebastian one such weapon was on display, reportedly captured on the Castellon front, although the Kursaal’s exhibit map from 1938 has no such weapon listed.
Bofors 40mm L/60
Limbered Anti Aircraft Gun
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Manuel Taguena in his memoirs (Testimonios de dos Guerros p.205) recites that 12 of these anti-tank guns and a further 16 of these anti-aircraft guns were brought to the Flix-Vinebre sector to support the Republican attack across the Ebro on 25th July 1938, although all were short on ammunition.
AREN Canone de 65-17 m.1913
Mountain Gun
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The Italians brought over 340 of these cannons with the C.T.V to Spain, where they armed both the Nationalists and the C.T.V itself, proving mobile and effective in a number of roles such as the Anti-tank role at the Battle of Guadalajara in 1937 as well serving as a mountain gun.
AREN Canone de 65-17 m.1913
Mountain Gun with Gunshield
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Many of these mountain guns that were brought to Spain with the C.T.V were supplied with fold up gun shields. Typically not used whilst attempting the Doctrinally quick movements when batteries had time to dig in these shield would provide valuable shrapnel protection.
Schneider 70-16 Mod.1908
Mountain Gun
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Over 200 of these mountain guns were on establishment at the outbreak of hostilities with the numbers claimed by both sides being roughly split down the middle. 94 being claimed by the rebels and 106 remaining with the government. Having a range of only 4.5km it was used mainly for close support
Canon Schneider de 75mm Mle.1897
Field Gun
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During the limited occasions that the French border was open for arms to come through a total of 51 of the famous French ‘soixante-quinze’ were able to be shipped across, into the arms of the Republic. Reliable, with a good range and a decent rate of fire, these put in sterling service for the popular army.
Obice da 75/13 Mod.1915
Mountain Gun
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The Italian version of the famous Skoda 75mm M.1916 mountain gun, only four of these guns were brought to Spain by the C.T.V. although with the ability to break them down for transport and quick reassembly time combined with their ability to throw a 6kg shelloveer 8km they proved indispensible.
Putilov 76.2mm M.1902
Field Gun
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During the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), the Putilov 76.2mm M.1902 was used by Republican forces. Procured from existing Soviet stocks, it provided significant artillery support due to its powerful 76.2mm shell, though it was eventually outclassed by newer models that became available as the war went on.
Krupp 7.7cm FK16
Field Gun
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A prolific German artillery piece, there were many of these sold around the world at the end of WW1. Spain was one of the countries who bought them. On top of the supply of these guns that found there way to both sides artillery parks the Condor Legion also brought a number to supply to Franco.
Rheinmetal 8.8cm Flak 18
Deployed Anti-Aircraft & Anti-Tank Gun
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Probably one of the most famous artillery pieces ever manufactured the ‘Eighty-Eight’ began its path to glory in the First World War. Capable of being fully deployed in only 180 seconds it also had limited anti-tank capabilities firing whilst still mounted on its wheels.
Rheinmetal 8.8cm Flak 18
Limbered Anti-Aircraft & Anti-Tank Gun
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The German 8.8cm Flak 16 came about due to the need for the German air defence units to be able to fire at higher altitudes with greater weight. This model served as the foundation for the later Flak 18, Flak 36 & Flak 41. Just under 80 of these pieces served in Spain soon proving itself the best gun in country.
Obice da 100-17 mod.14
Howitzer
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One of the most numerous guns brought to Spain, with 241 arriving with the C.T.V. They lost four to the Republic at Guadalajara where they went on to form the ‘Antonio Gramsci’ battery in the International Brigades. The Republic also had another four of these arrive from Poland although one gun was unserviceable, thus forming a battery of three.
Canon Schneider de 105mm L13S
Field Gun
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These also found themselves on both sides of the conflict. 14 of them were carried across the french border and formed four batteries of three apiece whilst the exact same gun titled 105/28 was provided to the Nationalist cause to the tune of another 83 pieces as well as those that were captured.
Rheinmetall 10cm leFh18
Howitzer
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Only four of these were taken out to Spain for testing but they were deemed highly successful owing to the fact that studies that had determined that a 105mm shell was far more effective than a 75mm shell for little difference in cost of fire units. Its future in the axis armed forces was set.
Vickers 105-22 Mod.1922
Howitzer
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After WWI Vickers modified their 18-Pdr on Mk.IV carriages to fire 105mm shells. This variant was licensed to the Spanish state for production at the SECN plant at Reinosa. There were 288 of these cannons in Spain at the time of the Pronunciamento with almost 2/3 falling to the Nationalists
Vickers-Armstrong 127mm BL60
Howitzer
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12 of these were provided by the U.S.S.R to the Republic where 6 were deployed in two 3-gun batteries at Madrid from late November 1936 onwards, whilst the other 6 landed in Bilbao on 3rd November 1936 where they formed three 2-gun batteries with four eventually being captured with the fall of the north.
Krupp-Rheinmetall 15cm sFH18
Howitzer
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The four Immergrün’s deployed to Spain formed the second of the two batteries in Gruppe Lucht. Considerably heavier than their sFH13 forebear they nonetheless managed to improve shell exit velocity by 40% adding almost 5km to the range of the gun enabling it to outperform almost all other guns in service.
Canon de Campana de 15cm Mod.1916
Howitzer - Barrel Level
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The enigmatic Krupp 15cm M.1916 is probably one of the most difficult artillery pieces to research due to the lack of details that are available. What we can be sure of though is that at the start of the Spanish Civil War, the nation of Spain had 32 of these artillery pieces in a single heavy artillery regiment.
Canon de Campana de 15cm Mod.1916
Howitzer - Barrel Raised
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When the war started, the batteries were divided across the country within a number of different Coastal Artillery Groups and with the split of the territory between elected government and rebel factions, four batteries of four guns each found themselves on each side.
Canon Schneider de 155mm Mle1917
Howitzer
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These howitzers were present in relatively appreciable numbers in Spain before the outbreak of hostilities. When the ‘pronunciamento’ split the nation only 24 remained in the hands of the Republican armed forces whilst a slightly richer 36 found their way into the hands of the rebels.
De Bang 1877 155mm
Heavy Howitzer - Girdles & Level Barrel
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By the time the SCW started the De Bang 155mm was already horribly obsolete. Obsolete even by the start of World War I the French nonetheless employed it in great numbers in the first two years of the conflict as their main counter-battery artillery piece to great effect.
De Bang 1877 155mm
Heavy Howitzer - Girdles & Raised Barrel
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32 of these guns were sent by the Soviets to the Republican forces. The Republicans formed 15 two-gun batteries with these with two kept in reserve. One 155 L de Bange gun nicknamed “El Abuelo” (“The grandfather”) entered public consciousness after being deployed and photographed in Plaza de España, Madrid.
